The Poetry Of E. E. Cummings Essays (1534 words) - Othello, Iago

The Poetry of E. E. Cummings [emailprotected] (Drake Callahan) In the dictionary morality is defined as, the degree of conformity of an idea or practice to moral principles. This basically is refering to the way each character feels about his/her actions. It shows if they posses morals. The morality of each individual in the story Othello is different in many ways. Shakespeare has made characters that have low morals, and characters that have high morals. In Othello he even has a character that on the outside acts as if he has high morals, but to himself he knows that he is only acting on a lie so in truth he has low morals. The minor characters in the play are used to bring out or uncover the morals of each of the main characters. The main characters in the story are Othello, Desdamona, Cassio and Iago. Each of them show their morality in different ways. Some openly express their morals while others tend to hide it and keep it to themselves. The minor characters of the play Othello, who are Emilia, Roderigo, and Bianca Shakespeare does a wonderful job expressing the general theme of morality in itself. Some authors even believe that the entire play is carried on morality alone. In the play some of the characters attempt to be virtuous by doing what they think is right. In truth though they dont know that they are really being deceived behind their backs and instead of being virtuous they are the total opposite and fail at their attempt. After reading this play I can understand more of how a person can use morality in a story to help emphasize a characters personality. To better understand the morality that exists in the characters of this play you may look at childrens fables to see how characters may be deceiving. In doing this it is easier to understand what Shakespeare is trying to accomplish in Othello. One of the more easier characters to understand is Desdamona. In the play she is wed to Othello. Throughout the entire play the morality of her character does not change once. She is what you might call a pure woman. This can be seen when she says to Emilia, Dost thou in conscience think, tell me, Emilia,/That there be women do abuse their husbands,/In such gross kind.(IV.iii.59-61). In this question that Desdamona asks Emilia she cannot believe of what shes being accussed because in her mind with the morals that she believes in, cheating on your husband can never be done. This is a complete shock to her. What Shakespeare has done is made it seem like she was brought up in a good enviorment so that she has strong morals, hence high morality. This is probably the only character in the story Othello who keeps strong moral beliefs throughout the play. Her morality can also be viewed as a cause for her death at the end of the play. If her morals wouldnt of been so high she perhaps could have lied to get her way out of being murdered. Instead she would not break and because of morality a character is killed. The character that has to help Desdamona get through all the probems she faces is a minor character named Emilia. When ever Desdamona is troubled or confused about something, her servant, who in this story is more of a friend, is the one who helps out Desdamona and explain to her whats going on. This minor character has some truly major affects. By saying to Desdamona: Marry, I,/ would not do such a thing for a joint ring, nor measures of lawn, nor,/ for gowns petticoats, nor caps,nor any petty exhibition; but for the whole,/ world, who would not make her husband a cuckold to make him a monarch?,/ I should venture purgatory fort,(IV.iii.69-73). This is how she shows to Desdamona how immoral acts are created and thats how the world works. The character in Othello who is truly immoral is Iago. But to someone who did not really know what was going on in the story it could be very confusing. On the outside Iago acts like he has high morality and he is helping everyone out with their problems by

Skyscraper Technique How to Improve Your Content - CoSchedule

Skyscraper Technique How to Improve Your Content There is a long-standing SEO technique out there called the skyscraper technique. Have you heard of it? It consists of three steps. Find top performing content. Create better content than the current top performers. Try to get a bunch on people to link to your new content. It sounds pretty straightforward, and it is. Its a technique that has been shown to get good results, but not all of us are SEO experts, so how can it help us? The reality is that you dont have to be an expert in SEO to use this strategy to improve your content marketing. It works for everyone. Before you jump in, it is important to understand what this technique is not: An exclusive SEO thing meant for nerds. Permission or license to steal someone elses work or content. Permission to claim an entire idea, without building on it, as your own. I know what youre thinking.  What am I getting myself into here?   Hang with me–this could really help your content. Recommended Reading: How to Improve Your Content With a Content Audit Template How To Use The  Skyscraper Technique To  Improve Your Content Marketing The skyscraper technique is actually a fairly simple method that will allow you to see the top content for a given keyword string or topic idea. Using a few simple tools, you will instantly know what posts are being shared the most, what topics they are covering, and the level of quality the currently-shared content is at. As a content marketer, this is gold. Not only will you be armed with some great content ideas, but you will be able to target your content marketing to what your audience is already demanding.  And, lets not forget about the insight of overall content quality. The skyscraper technique will show you where the bar is in terms of content quality. In theory, you should be able to one-up that content and produce something even better. Heres how the technique works. Get Your Free Skyscraper Technique Template Bundle Download three free resources to create better content than your competition: A Skyscraper Technique checklist to apply this advice on every post you write. A Content Writing Template to create content and keep it organized. A Competitive Content Analysis spreadsheet to research your competitors (so you can create something better). How to Improve Your Content with the Skyscraper TechniqueStep #1: Find Top Performing Content BuzzSumo  is a great little tool for finding content ideas. As a content research tool, BuzzSumo  can provide you with a conclusive list of some of the most popular content for a given set of keywords. As an example, take a look at this search for content marketing. You can easily see the top content for the term "content marketing" based on social shares per network, plus total social shares overall. You can find quite a bit of information, even without a paid subscription. However, with a paid subscription, you can also view backlinks and see who shared each piece of content. Understanding what the top content on your topic is helpful for the following reasons: Sharpening your focus on specific post ideas. Course corrections on topics you already cover. Finding new ideas on how to approach old topics. Uncovering new topics that you are missing completely. Here's how to improve your content with the Skyscraper TechniqueThe results can be listed based on the number of times it has been shared on social media in total, or by network. Both of these factors are important for this step. By default, BuzzSumo  will  sort by total sharing stats: If you don't have a paid subscription to BuzzSumo, don't worry. You can find backlink information for top content free using the Moz Toolbar (which works with either Chrome or Firefox). Once you've installed the toolbar, take the keyword you entered in BuzzSumo, and try searching it on Google. These won't necessarily match the "most shared" posts you've surfaced with BuzzSumo, but the data you find will still be useful (and it'll show you even more posts to gather inspiration). This toolbar will add an overlay to each search result providing backlink information for each page. Specifically, it'll tell you: Each site's Domain Authority. This is a metric on a 100-point scale that tells you how authoritative a site or blog is. The higher this number, the harder they will be to compete with for  page one space in Google's search results. Each result's Page Authority. This is similar to Domain Authority, except it refers only to how authoritative that specific page is. How many backlinks each result has received. If you see lots of posts with high numbers of links, this shows you've found a popular topic. Next, compare that to content to the posts that BuzzSumo says are  most likely to be shared via social media: When you start to compare these two lists, things might get interesting. The key is understanding what you should  actually  do with this information. Here are some tips: Grab some of the best topic ideas and file them away for later. (Don't steal!) Figure out what topics are being shared the most on social media. What do they have in common? Understand what type of content is being linked to the most from other sites. Get a benchmark on the type of the content that is being shared (text, photos, videos, etc.) Understand headline intricacies for both linked and shared content. See the big content topics that readers care about. Think about this method as a way to get smarter about the type of content that your audience wants to read, link to, and share via social media. Tip: If you find yourself interested in finding a bit more data, you can always try a Google search or a search on Twitter.com itself. Both of these resources can add another layer of data to your findings. Step #2: Create Better Content Than The Current Top Performers The next thing that you should do is take an audit of   the  content that is performing the best. This will help you improve your own content by understanding what exactly makes up a top post. Begin by clicking through to a few of the links on your BuzzSumo  search results. What are the common themes that you see? Here are a few of the things you should be looking for. Average content length. Average number of images. Overall quality of content (rank from 1-10). Specific keywords/key-phrases used. This can work even better if you chart your findings. For the chart below, I audited the term "skyscraper technique" which is the keyword I used to write this post. The goal here isn't scientific data. More so, it is about taking the time to analyze the content beyond the service. Use a simple word count tool to figure out how many words are on the page, or a word frequency counter to make a guess at what keywords the post is targeting. Adding a simple tally of the images and videos in a post also gives you an idea of what type of content is performing so well. For example, could you spring ahead by introducing a post with video content? Recommended Reading: 21 Social Media Templates That Will Help You Execute a Strategy for 10X Growth Step #3: Now, Make Something Better Than Everyone Else on the List Here are a few things you can do. Make Your Content Longer and More In-Depth One of the simple things that you can do to one-up your content marketing competitors is to create longer content than they do. Results has shown that longer content typically performs better on search engines, so taking the time to add a few hundred (or thousand) extra words can easily pay off over time. Add Images, Videos, and Other Rich Content You will notice that some posts actually offer little written content, but rather a lot of images or video-based content. This can make for excellent content that readers love to share and link to. Be sure to take note if there are no top sites offering this type of content. It could provide an opportunity for you to leap ahead. Dig Deeper Into the Topic Even today there are still many pages that rank well on Google, but provide little actual value to the customer. If you notice this happening, then you have a golden opportunity to add something of value to the mix. Never miss the chance to simply do a better job of covering a topic and making things useful for the reader. Think More Strategically Many blog posts do a poor job of using keywords and do little to emphasize the SEO value of content marketing. Simply adding this additional effort to your process could make the difference. Step #3:  Get People To Link To Your Content The third step of the skyscraper technique   is usually the hardest. How do you get people to link to your blog? Sure, there is always promoting it on social media, but what else is there? There are a lot of theories and questionable methods that even involve cold-pitching via email, but they rarely work and should be used with caution. The better, and more reliable, way is to simply earn it by creating better content. Remember, we decided to give this skyscraper thing a try because we wanted to improve our content marketing. That means two things: Better content ideas. Better content. Nothing builds backlinks like great content. #QualityFirst #SEO #ContentMarketingIt really is as simple as that. Try Applying the Skyscraper Technique Yourself With the skyscraper technique, we can easily see what content is performing the best and being shared the most. This should easily help us generate a constant supply of new ideas for blog posts and content marketing campaigns. In some ways, I like to think of this technique as a simple way of introducing new ideas and thought patterns into my brain. After one look at BuzzSumo, I usually have new blog post idea that I may not have thought of on my own. There is value in that. Always remember that the end-goal here isn't to copy the ideas and content from another post. You should be able come up with your own take on a topic, and do it better. The skyscraper technique will help you understand what topics to cover and how to cover them in a way that will help you leap ahead of the competition.

Interoperability and Middleware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interoperability and Middleware - Research Paper Example This was aimed at improving the service offered by the ICT sector. After this development, the ICT sector became more comprehensive and demanded more research and advancements on telecommunications and computing network flexibility (Lerner, 2002). Today interoperability standards are applied in ICT world to improve effective communication compatibility, exchange of data and services. The smooth interaction between two or more components of the operating software for communication compatibility, services and data exchange can be termed as inter-operatibility. Interoperability is a necessity in ICT because it is a tool that increases the connectivity of computers via the internet and offers a solution to operational costs. Furthermore, its software has been proved to be of quality provided heterogeneity is maintained, for instance, on systems written in different language programming; running on different hardware programs and operating system; using different data representation; impl ementing unlike syntactic or semantics interpretations; and using different control platforms (Puder, Ro?mer & Pilhofer, 2006) For interoperability heterogeneity to be realized there has to be a middleware software package. Today, there are many telecommunication and computation industries that offer middle ware products. The industry built middleware product essentially develops a connector that makes interoperability system to configure for use. Middle ware refers to application software that serves the purpose of a transition layer or exchange of resources between two networked counterparts. It also merges and incorporates two networked counterparts to communicate with each other either running on the same or different platforms. Middleware software applications are divided into two major categories, application management and resource management. In application management invokes specific services that perform given tasks for them. This application management is also divided int o other two categories, the higher and the lower, that is dependent on the level of service abstraction the middleware offers. The lower application known as inter-application management communication middleware operates with remote procedure calls in general while the higher application middleware totally abstracts the network by substituting procedure calls with direct service calls. The second middleware category, resource management, acts as resource management utility. Just like the first category it is divided into two groups, higher and lower resource management dependent on the type of resource managed by the middleware. The higher resource, also referred to as database middleware, manages software related resources such as transaction processing and database access as these resources are related to the database while lower resource middleware manager, also known as resource middleware, manages hardware related resources like CPU, hard drive space and memory (Puder, Ro?mer & Pilhofer, 2006). At the time of manufacture its main aim was to set up new standards of addressing the issue of differences that occur due to heterogeneous networks. It also provided for grid distinctive characteristics like file sharing, processor and additional grid functionalities such as API (application programming interfaces) with a primary concern aimed in resource

You Decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

You Decide - Essay Example It is a given that all patients need the heart for them to have a higher chance of living with the utmost medical hope to live longer. It is just a sorry state that there is only one heart available that a decision has to be made whom the heart will be transplanted. I list the requisite of need on the basis of what or how many years will the patient lose if they will not have the transplant. Of the three patients, the young girl Lisa of 12 years old has her whole life in front of her and it will be such a pain to deprive her of that chance to realize a full life. Second, the young girl Lisa has also the highest chance of surviving being young whose body is growing validated by the tests conducted that she is the most suitable host of the heart thereby minimizing the probability of rejection ensuring that the rare heart will be put to good use. Third, Lisa the young girl without question will benefit the most from the transplant due to her young age. At 12, she still has her whole life ahead of her and the part will be used for a very long time thereby optimizing its use. The other patients also have a need for the heart but the use and benefit of the heart is not as lengthy compared to Lisa. Lastly, Lisa’s father Dr. Jonathan Doe is an oncologist who is also in the profession of saving lives who is an upcoming oncologist for this hospital. The choice of giving the transplant to Lisa while determined also the three other criteria is also determined by the preference of providing priority health care to hospital’s doctor. In addition, the hospital and its patients and research will benefit from the $2 million that will be given by Dr. Doe for the transplant. That means that the hospital can provide more pro bono care to those who needs medical attention but does not have money to pay hospital bills. The money will also benefit hospital research that will improve medical service delivery in the future. Having

Prison in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Prison in the United States - Research Paper Example There is overrepresentation of people of color in American criminal justice system (parole, jail, probation). According to Clear, Cole & Reisig (2008, p.471), â€Å"African American men are imprisoned in United States at a rate more than three times higher than white males.† In addition, male population under the criminal justice system is higher than female population. The prison system in the US, especially in relation to mass imprisonment has led to collapse of the family units, as parents get imprisoned leaving behind their children. Indeed, the number of single parent householders has increased due to incarceration. Thus, this paper will compare the rate of incarceration in America and other countries, explore the factors contributing to mass imprisonment, significance of gender and race in criminal justice system, and addresses cultural implication of mass imprisonment, conditions of confinement and what we can learn about the American society from the way it treats its prisoners. The United States has a significant number of inmates compared to other nations; generally, America has 2.3 million incarcerated persons, more than other country. Russia, England, German and Japan respectively rank as countries with high rates of incarceration after the United States. Additionally, prison sentences in the USA are longer than in other nations’ prison terms. Indeed, the country employs tougher justice in hope reducing crime rate. According to Conrad (2005, p. 223), â€Å"the rate of incarceration for the United States is 702 for every 100,000 American citizens, the highest rates in the World.† Indeed, the rate of incarceration in the United States is 5-6 times more than other industrialized countries (Mauer, 2003, p.3). The graph below illustrates the incarceration rates in US in comparison with other countries.

Child Abuse: Effects and outcomes

Child Abuse: Effects and outcomes Child Abuse is defined as endangerment to a child inflicted by another person, usually the caregiver Leiter 1 and includes physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and neglect. Child abuse can be brought on by any one at any time. The purpose of this paper is to overview the four previously stated types of abuse, their effects on children, the legal aspects of child abuse, and dealing with abuse. Child abuse is prevalent in almost every culture across the world and has been a problem for as long as there was recorded history. People used to abuse their children with razor straps and no one thought anything of it. Leiter 1 It is only recently that citizens became aware of what a problem abuse could be. Physical Abuse: Physical abuse can be classified as any attempt or harm to a child where the caregiver was conscience of the risk before the fact. Physical abuse refers to non accidental injury to a child. 2 Physical abuse is extremely dangerous to the child and can cause permanent physical and mental disabilities. In cases where maltreatment was substantiated 26 percent of victims suffered from physical abuse nation wide. 3 Mayo Clinic In the Gallup Monthly Poll of 1000 randomly selected American parents, Over half of the parents said they administered minor physical punishment during the past year, while 22 percent said they use severe physical punishment. 3 Mayo Clinic This physical punishment does not work as effectively as other types of punishment and strictly speaking is illegal. It is much better to choose a punishment that will fit the action, for example if a child has a fight over the TV, take away TV privileges. Corporal punishment is usually administered when the parent is being brash and hasnt had time to cool down from the childs misbehavior. 1 Leiter Sexual Abuse: Sexual abuse refers to any sexual behavior between a child and an adult or an older, bigger, or more powerful person, for that persons sexual gratification. 2 Sexual abuse, while still completely horrible, is often times blown completely out of scale and is the most advertised type of abuse 1 Leiter. Sex abuse ranges from unwanted kisses to inappropriate touching to sexual intercourse. 4 pg. 107 Only 14 percent of cases where maltreatment was substantiated did victims suffer from sexual abuse in the United States. 3 Mayo Clinic Sexual abuse is often times kept hidden more than other types of abuse. Children are forced and threatened not to tell any one of the encounters because of the social humiliation of being involved in sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is the only type of abuse that occurs equally across socio-economic barriers 1 Leiter. Emotional Abuse: Emotional abuse refers to a chronic attitude or behavior directed at a child, or the creation of an emotional environment, which is seriously detrimental to or impairs the childs psychological and or physical development. 2 This type of abusive behavior can bring down an individuals feeling of self worth and self-esteem. It leaves victims feeling inadequate helpless or worthless 4 health book The result of emotional abuse is often that the child will either run away or withdraw socially 1Leiter Emotional abuse is the least common type of abuse that was substantiated by Mayo Clinic with only 5 percent of cases of maltreatment. The Gallup Poll Monthly recorded that Nine out of ten parents said that they shouted at their children 3 Mayo Clinic Neglect: Neglect is often thought of as the most dangerous type of abuse. Neglect refers to any serious omission or commission by a person which jeopardizes or impairs the childs psychological, intellectual, or physical development 2 Neglect includes anything from leaving children alone for long periods of time to not giving them the correct health care to not giving the child enough to eat. Fifty-three percent of victims of maltreatment that were substantiated suffered from neglect. 3 Mayo Clinic Moreover neglect often requires difficult-to-accumulate evidence of a pattern of failure in care giving before being substantiated, whereas physical or sexual abuse may require only one trip to the hospital 5 Social Work Research pg. 68 Neglect is directly related to poverty 1 Leiter This is because poverty is a stressor due to the fact that those in poverty must work much harder to get basic commodities so caregivers can not always spend time with their children. Legal Aspects of Child Abuse: It is illegal to abuse any child physically, emotionally, sexually, or through neglect. This law was put into place to prevent people from being child abusers. It is also illegal for a person not to report if they suspect child abuse. Any person who has cause to suspect that any juvenile is abused or neglected must report that to the Director of Social Services in the county where the child resides or is found. The report may be made orally by telephone, or in writing, and shall include the name and address of the child; the nature or extent of any injury or condition resulting from abuse or neglect; and any other relevant information. 6 Attorney Generals webpage reads the North Carolina Statute Section 7A-543 titled DUTY TO REPORT CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT. This law overrules even physician-patient privileges. Effect of Abuse on children: School Outcomes: Abusing children directly affects their performance in school. According to a study published in Social Work Research students who are abused consistently do worse on CAT standardized tests, grade point averages, proportion who dropped out when eligible, mean annual absences, proportion of possible behavior problems and retentions, and proportion with delinquency complaints 5 Social Work Research pg. 75 Dealing with Abuse: When dealing with any type of Abuse one should immediately seek help at one of the many abuse prevention centers across the nation. Daniel D. Broughton, MD, says Intervention aims to stabilize the family and improve its functioning, to teach parenting and coping skills, to retain an intact family with appropriate services and a good follow-up, families often improve greatly. 3 Mayo Clinic Child abuse is a dangerous disease that can destroy families and communities if it is not stopped. The impact of abuse reaches all levels of a child’s emotions. The two most common emotions are confusion and guilt. Confusion is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually wonder what is going on or if this is right or wrong. For a young child these types of questions can be a huge burden on their physiological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experiences a tremendous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are receiving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done to them. The question if this is right or wrong is the greatest conflict within the child’s mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insists its okay, taking advantage of the child’s mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the confusion which goes through a child’s mind. Since I was a little ten-year-old child, I had to deceive and hide from the world and my mother that my father took a sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that art of deceit First you put me in a situation that had to be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecyAs a ten- year-old child, what was I supposed to do You are an intelligent man-you figure out the options available to a ten-year-old in that position. Dolan 58 Guilt is also a huge emotional trip for the child. The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: they feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore they are responsible and it should continue, they felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasurable, or they somehow deserved and or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self-esteem has diminished and they have no more answers for what is happening. The following quote illustrates that guilt makes the child unable to clearly see reality. It also gives insight into the mind of the abused. A nine-year-old girl had a nightmare and went to her father’s room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her. The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now felt she deserved for it to continue. Green 24 Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Often when the mother is told about the abuse she will not want to believe the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasons for why the mother may pass guilt are that she may feel weak and unable to challenge the husbands’ actions and therefore she looks over the husbands faults and looks to the child for blame and or the mother doesnt want to lose her husband. She does not want to give up the security provided by her husband and will block out the abuse. For these reasons much of the child abuse in the United States and else where goes unreported and continues. Reports show that out of the one to two million children abused every year in the United States only about half that number is reported to anyone. Man cases are the most common cases that go unreported, less than 30 by current estimates. Also about 11,120 of those cases reported have been because of the death of the child. The amount of child abuse is staggering to think about, let alone deal with. By the age of eighteen one in three girls will have been sexually molested and one in six boys will have been molested in that same age. These include physical abuse, sexual abuse, mental abuse and neglect. Lesar 419 One reason why abuse is on the up rise every year could be that families are undergoing a number of important structural changes. Families are smaller than in the past, with fewer children and sometimes with only one parent; parents have children at a later age; more couples live together without the being married. All these factors could in some way contribute to the family value system tumbling downward. Lesar 421 Physical abuse has many forms. It may involve the hitting or kicking of a child with the fists or the feet, or with another object; such as belts, shovels, changes, ropes, electric cords, leather straps, canes, baseball bats, sticks, broom handles, or assorted large objects. Other forms of abuse include the pouring of scalding water on a child’s body, holding a child’s head under the water of a toilet bowl, stuffed into running washing machines, throwing a child against a wall, shaking a child with extreme force or placing parts of a child’s anatomy on hot or burning objects to cause pain. Sometimes in extreme cases the shaking of a child with such extreme force as an aggressive abuser possesses can cause severe brain damage as the brain is crushed from repeated impact against the skull. This type of injury is especially damaging in babies and small children. Many times when physical abuse is caused by a parent or guardian, the child is not taken for medical help , even when wounds or injuries are very severe. When they are taken into the hospital it is usually be a secondary member of the family, one who may not have caused the abuse but did not stop it either. This type of person might be called a facilitator. Physical abuse is termed sexual abuse when it involves the display or touching of genitalia or anything which is not a comfortable part of a normal person to person contact. This brings us to our next form of child abuse, that of Sexual or exploitive abuse. Sexual abuse is described as those activities by an older person for his or her sexual gratification without consideration for the child’s psycho-social sexual development. Also, as contacts or interactions between a child and an individual of higher power when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of that adult or another. Smith 9 There are many categories of sexual abuse, these include; incest, pedophilia, exhibitionism, molestation, sex statutory rape, sexual sadism, and child pornography. It is estimated that approximately three hundred thousand children are involved in child prostitution and pornography. Smith 9 Many times men or woman who abuse children were abused when they were young. Sexual abuse was n ot as much of a problem as it is in modern times. Incidences of sexual abuse are highest in urbanized technologically advanced societies. Sexual abuse can have severe consequences on the mental development of a child. Mental Abuse of a child can involve several different activities. These can involved the common verbal forms: yelling, neglect, constant insults, etc. They also involve certain forms of mental torture and neglect. Mental abuse is one of the most damaging forms of abuse, because unlike rape or other forms of sexual or physical abuse, mental abuse will be with you all of your life. I would offer this analogy to shed light what I am trying to communicate here. Physical and sexual abuse is like roadblocks in the road of life. They are there for a while, but you get over them eventually. Mental abuse, on the other hand, catalyzes the disillusion of the view of the street. If someone is always insulting you, always telling you that you are no good: then with time, your mind becomes accustomed to it, and begins to believe it. This especially is a damaging consequence for young children and infants, who are as dependent upon mental support as they are for their physiological needs. It is an utter violation of such a relationship. Mental abuse not only affects the child, and the family, but society as a whole. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment. A recent Study prepared by the American Humane Association states that, nationwide, neglect consistently has accounted for the greatest number of maltreatment reports; in 1998 alone it represented sixty three percent of the approximately two million cases of reported incidents of the three predominant forms of child maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. Steinbach 8 Neglect is the unlawful withholding of a child’s basic needs: Food, Water, Shelter, Clothing. All these are all things that a child needs to live an effective life in today’s society. To deny a child these things is to leave him lower on the ladder of needs than he or she would conceivably be otherwise. Neglect is by far more prominent than any other forms of child maltreatment, but, continually it is the least prominent in child abuse advertising schemes . This quote by Andrew Vachss accurately sums up what is said in this essay: The effect that child abuse has not just on the victims, but on their subsequent victims and on society as a whole, is, in my judgment, far more devastating than the threat of drugs, of political upheaval, of economic disaster, or of environmental destruction I really think that child abuse is the most significant threat not just to the quality of life in this country, but to life in this country. Kesegich, p.33 Child abuse has always been around, and it always will be around as long as other people care more about themselves, than about others. References Lesar, Jenny. Abuse, Black birch Press Inc, 1999. Kesegich, Ken. In Defense of Children, National Press. February, 1990. Steinbach, Alice. Neglect: the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, Honolulu Star- Bulletic Advertiser, 1999. Dolan, Edward F. Big book of abuse, Rodale Press, 1999. Smith, Lisa. Emotions and Effects of Abuse, Rodale Press, 1999. Green, Victor. Child Abuse: National Problem, News Week, 1999. Pruitt, B.E. ed. Health: Skills For Wellness, Needham: 1994 Kirk, Stuart A. Social Work Research, Washington D.C.: 1994 Tabachnick, Joan. Because There Is a Way to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse: Facts About Abuse and Those That Might Commit It, The Safer Society Press, 1998. Mitchell, Juliann W. Rape of the Innocent: Understanding and Preventing Child Sexual Abuse, Taylor Francis, 2000.

Internet and Online Communities Essay -- Internet Cyberspace Chat Blog

Internet and Online Communities The internet was designed initially by the department of defense for their own purposes. But now it has evolved into a complex network not limited to some specific area or region but extending over every part of earth. The Internet now is a form of communication to us. It has become not only a source of information and technology, but it also now houses other different kinds of things. e.g. communities(something we are going to discuss in this paper), educational institutions, online classes etc. In this paper we will look at different aspects of this technology (internet) and analyze some of its impact on our society. In particular we shall see how media interprets the internet and its services. We will compare the article by Howard Rheingold The Heart of the Well to Ourtown.net by Jill Harrington, an article appearing in the Access section of Daily News about online communities. Howard Rheingold in The Heart of the Well and Jill Herrington in Ourtown.net both agree that online comm unities have become an essential part of our lives today. The article called The Heart of the Well by Rheingold talks about the WELL (Whole Earth Lectronic Link) an online community started in California. In the article he talks about the Well being a center of all kinds of people: parents, professionals, doctors, nurses and others. In the article the author cites a particularly interesting line from Ray Oldenburgs work The Great Good Place. In it Oldenburg affirms that there are three essential places in our lives: the place we live, the place we work and the place we gather for conviviality. Rheingold in his article argues that internet and online communities have become not only a kind of convivial place wher... ...h is revolutionizing our lives and may prove to be even more successful and efficient for us in the future. Internet is basically a tool in our society. Internet supplies us with a vast number of facilities like online communities and a whole lot of other things. Most of us use internet for one reason or another. For example, I as a student use internet to find information on various kinds of topics ranging from Hitler to NASA. By the same token internet can be useful to virtually everyone in our society. Thus, internet is increasingly becoming part of our lives and it has certainly becoming one of the places where can hang around for conviviality. Works Cited Rheingold, Howard. The Heart of the WELL. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. San Francisco: McGraw Hill, 1998, 171-180. Harrington, Jill. Ourtown.net. Access Daily News 25 Feb. 2001: 8-10

Foreign Aid and the Development of African Nations

The African Nations, particularly those lying in the Sub-Saharan region have been subject to poverty, inadequate financial resources of their respective governments, lack of proper infrastructure and essential services like health, sanitation and water supply. These countries have also long been plagued by corrupt leaders, who have no concern about the sufferings of their citizens, despite growing their personal wealth based on the countries’ natural resources and foreign aid.Despite billions of dollars of foreign aid pouring in the region by countries like the United States, U.  K. , Germany and Japan there is no tangible change in the development of these countries. This paper will discuss the role of foreign aid in the development of the African Countries. Though, the common perception among the people is that the sub-Saharan Africa receives fairly large amount of foreign aid, but there is no proper outcome of it. They often complain that most of aid given to the African governments is consumed in non-development expenditures, or either is directly deposited in the overseas accounts of the rulers.But the fact is that the amount of aid given to these countries is never enough, particularly when considered the amount of development work done. Another problem is the method of distribution of the foreign aid, as there is very little amount, which is directly handed over to the African governments for their projects. Most of the aid is either in the form of technical support in which most of the aid is used in paying the officials of the aid giving country in exchange of their services. For e. g.the United States, which is considered as a major ODA, provider in the region does not spend, as she should have and as much resources she has. Most of the foreign aid provided by the United States is either in response to catastrophes like famine, earthquakes and tsunamis etc. , or in the form of emergency relief, like the U. S. wheat supply in cases of shortage of food supplies due to draught in many African countries. (Sachs, 82) On the other hand the actual amount of Official Development Assistance is far below as it is thought by many Americans.It is simply because large portion of ODA is disbursed primarily to the strategic nations like Iraq and Afghanistan. The remaining amount left for the non-strategic countries is then distributed either via NGOs or in the form of technical expertise and services. In both cases none of the amount is directly handed over to the recipient government. Thus the leftover of the ODA, which is directly handed over to the aid recipient nations, is significantly low. The same is the case of most donor nations like the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and Italy etc.The amount of aid actually handed over to these governments, which may help them to practically implement the public development projects like hospitals, schools, water supply and sanitation etc. (Sachs, 82) According to the 2003 U. S. gove rnment statistics regarding the ODA given by the United States to the sub-Saharan Africa, the total amount given was $4. 7 billion only. The sad story is that out of this huge amount only $118 million were directly handed over to African governments in order to support public development programs run by the government and communities.  (Sachs, 83)Therefore the given statistics regarding the U. S. aid depicts the inadequate amount of direct aid given to the African nations. Now speaking about the output and consequences of the foreign aid in the development of sub-Saharan African nations, the results are not encouraging. Partly because of inadequate amount of aid, ineffective method of aid distribution and disbursement, corrupt governments and leaders the outcome is not overall satisfactory regarding virtually the entire sub-Saharan region.The United States and other donor countries can shed their burden by using the United Nations as a platform of foreign assistance to the sub-Sah aran regions. (Tharoor) Kenya is a good example to analyze the role of foreign aid in the economic and public development of the country. Kenya had been among those countries, which have received huge external aid flows from the donor nations and institutions in order to foster economic growth and reduce poverty.But unfortunately the outcome has never been satisfactory as there is no major improvement in the economic growth of the country, neither there is any significant reduction in poverty or any tangible public development as an outcome of foreign aid. The country like other sub-Saharan African nations faces high indebtedness, unemployment and absolute poverty. The poor economic performance of the country has led to high dependency of Kenya on foreign aid. (Njeru, 1) The Kenyan development expenditures were slightly above 10% of the total government expenditures during the late 90s.This shows a development expenditure decline of about 50% from the 70s, which was just below 20% a t that time. Due to poor economic performance the government development budget has increasingly become dependent on donors. For e. g. in the 80s only 40% of the development expenditure depended on foreign aid, while in the next debate the dependence had raised to 70%. (Njeru, 6) This increasing dependence was the result of poor performance and using the local government resources on non-development expenditures.Most of funds disbursed by the donors is either in the form of appropriations-in-aid or revenue, the most common of which is appropriations-in-aid method. Using this method the donors have direct contact with the project coordinator, but there is a drawback of this method as the government loses control of these projects there is a big chance that they may become white elephants. (Njeru, 9) On the other hand, under the revenue system the funds are disbursed directly to the Treasury via special accounts in the central bank, but here are some other risks, like misuse of the fu nds because of weak accounting system at the Treasury.  (Njeru, 9)During the post-independence period Kenya receive heavy inflow of foreign aid particularly from the British. In the 70s and 80s there were high development activities in telecommunication networks, land settlement schemes, health and education sectors. During the 80s Kenya had enjoyed the highest level of foreign aid flow and there were about 600 active development projects in the above-mentioned sectors. (The Role of Foreign Aid in Development, 37)The major setback in the initial development progress was brought by former president Kenyatta and his successor Daniel arap Moi, as they not only backtracked the on going progress by making some unsound decisions like price control, marketing boards which soon adversely affected the prices and production incentive. Import substitution was also an important drawback, which resulted in poor economic condition and forced the government to stall many public development proje cts. (Erixon, 14) Corruption is also an important factor, which has led to the wastage of large amount of foreign aid.According to the Transparency International’s index of corruption Kenya was among the 10 most corrupted countries. According to TI the incidence of corruption is about 50% in most ministries, city councils, parastatals, SOEs and other governing bodies. (Erixon, 14) President Kenyatta’s regime was plagued by his so-called land reforms in the name of which he received large amount of foreign aid and subsequently became the largest landowner in the country. His alleged favor to his tribesmen and kinsmen, the Kikuyu, also resulted in mass corruption and loss of large amount of donor’s money.Using foreign aid to support their own kindred has become a norm in the Kenyan politics. (Cohen, 7) Presidents Moi’s regime is also marked by misuse of foreign aid in favor of the relative and political supporters. For e. g. the Kenyan government received $ 873 million in official development assistance in the fiscal year of 1991/92. All this aid was either on grant basis or loan basis and supported some 654 public development projects. These projects have about 2,000 sub-components, in order to give every ethnic group a fair price of the fund.Not surprisingly a large amount of the fund and project resources were not used accordingly. (Cohen, 13) Moreover the public developments on district level were also done on ethnic and political basis, as those areas where the residents are either the tribesmen of the president or loyal to him will receive a large sum of budget and public development programs, while those who oppose him like the Kikuyu, the people of the former president Kenyatta receive marginal amount of budget and public development funds. (Cohen, 16-17)President Moi’s government and leadership have been marked with more corruption and use of foreign aid on their own behalf. According to a Guardian report, President Moi , his associates and relatives have allegedly moved more than 1 billion pounds of government money to nearly 30 countries including Britain. Other relatives who have been involved in corruption of millions of dollars government money include Moi’s sons, which have moved 384m and 550m pounds respectively. (Rice) This report clearly depicts how ruthlessly these corrupt leaders have looted their country and fellow countrymen.The same is the character of NGOs in this regard, as most of the NGOs working in Kenya have their loyalties with one of the political parties or ethnic groups and they only work in their interest. Moreover those NGOs which are honest to their mission and objective face constraints and suppression from the government and they are only allowed to work according to the interest of the government officials, and their interest is always to do a favor to their kinsmen or political allies.In this way the people in real and dire need are often neglected, only becaus e they do not have enough political power or ethnic relation with the people in the office. Botswana is another case and a different story. The country has been the best example of good governance and leadership in the continent by far. It is the only country, which has been democratic in spiritually and practically throughout the entire post-independence period. The country has actively promoted the its’ citizens social and economic development throughout its post-colonial history.The country led by its founder Sir Seretse Khama and his successors were dedicated to deliberate democracy and market economy. Khama played an important role in developing a law-respecting political culture, which was wholeheartedly endured by his successors. (Rotberg) Though Botswana has received a heavy amount of foreign aid inflow the public development of the country in not based on that primarily. The main factor, which contributed in the country’s success, is its good governance and la ck of corruption.According to Transparency International Botswana is the least corrupted country in the African continent far better than many European and Asian countries. (Williams) Botswana has shown its capability of utilizing the amount of donors’ funds. Botswana has the strongest state institutions, professional civil services, strong planning systems and centralized aid management systems. All these have helped the country to utilize the funds wisely and accordingly with the minimum loss and misuse possible. The effective use of aid effectively contributes to the project plans, but also gave the country more control over the aid.This is in contrast to Kenya where the foreign aid froze twice due to poor compliance of the Kenyan government to the conditions of the donors. (Renzio, Whitfield & Bergamaschi, 1-4) After the independence Botswana was among the poorest countries of the world and there was lack of proper infrastructure and social and economic institutions. In t he initial post-independence period the country has used large amount of foreign aid, but the leadership was wise enough to use the foreign assistance in proper way.The government also preferred grants to loans and used diversified donors and also made a habit of refusing to accept aid when not necessary. (Togo, 3) The government wisely used foreign aid in not only developing the public sector like health, transportation, sanitation and water supply, but also used the chance to invest the aid heavily in the diamond mining industry which later boosted the country’s economy and help Botswana to overcome her dependence on foreign aid. (Togo, 4) But in the 90s the situation has changed and the new generation of leaders have emerged which are not willing to follow the path of Khama.They have allegedly used the government funds as their personal possessions acting double as the directors of private funds thus reserving these funds for the projects run by their firms. Furthermore in 1992 the credibility and respect of the Botswana government was further tarnished by the notorious Housing Corporation scandal in which the Vice president and other high-ranking officials were allegedly involved. (Togo, 5) Despite all these downfalls and shortcomings emerging in the new general of politicians, the country is still the least corrupt as compared to other African nations.According to recent studies Botswana has received the highest level of foreign aid up to 1980s, which has played a significant role in the development of the country. The foreign assistance had been as high as $200 per capita in 1980s. But the studies show that aid has only played siginificant role in public development in the early years of independence, when the country relied completely on the British aid for its expenditures. But in the next decade the ratio of aid had declined sharply, and the revenue from diamond mining far exceeded the aid. In the late 80s the share of aid fell to 3% of GDP fro m 29% in 1967.Therefore foreign assistance played significant role in the first two decades of the country history. (Togo, 6) The founder president of Botswana made his priority to secondary education in order to increase the proportion of the natives in the countries civil service and other comprehensive development projects, like mine development, construction of dams and irrigation. The government wanted to provide the natives jobs and reduce poverty. Thus they used the foreign aid initially to promote education and then focused on the infrastructure like roads, electric power and water supply, which will become the basis of the mining industry.(Togo, 8) The government than acquired $2. 5 million loan from the World Bank to finance the Shashe complex diamond-mining project. The government also won technical assistance from several developed countries. The foreign assistance acquired was largely used in the development of the infrastructure of the Shashe Complex project. Then the aid was used for the development of the human and physical capital. (Togo, 8)Thus Botswana used foreign assistance for the development of the human capital by promoting education and physical capital by developing the infrastructure.In this way one can easily conclude that foreign assistance played an important role in the development of the country in the first two decades. But when the case of Botswana is compared with that of Kenya, it becomes clear that foreign aid is not the sole factor in the success of a country. In the last four decades Kenya has received more foreign assistance than Botswana, but the country never became economical strong as Botswana did. The primary reason was the different in the vision and approach of the rulers of the two countries.The Kenyan first two rulers have been among the most corrupted and autocratic type of rulers and they have no interest in the welfare of their fellow citizens. They ruthlessly used the countries resources as personal possessi ons. On the other hand the Botswana founder president Khama and his successors have been honest to their country and fellow citizens and wisely used their country’s resources as well as the foreign assistance they had received to develop their country’s economy, public sector institutions and infrastructure. Therefore foreign aid has never been the primary factor in any country’s development.

Obama by David Sedaris Essays

Obama by David Sedaris Essays Obama by David Sedaris Paper Obama by David Sedaris Paper The essay is a flashback from David Seeders time in France during the election in 2008 in the United States. Skin color. Our skin color is part of our appearance, but is it also a part of our personality? In America this question were discussed when Barack Obama was running for his presidential election in the year of 2008 2009. Many Europeans believed it was impossible to see a half-black candidate win the election in 2009, because they thought that any Americans would never vote for a black candidate. In David Seeders essay: Obama!!! , he explains, in a rather humorist way how prejudices can lead to huge misconceptions between different countries. The reader mostly hears about Seeders life in France. The essay focuses on the differences between European and American politics, when it comes to racism, race discrimination and sexual discrimination. One of the things David Seeders mentions is how much an American election all of a sudden becomes a world election. In the start of his essay, David Seeders describes how people he ivied among in Normandy did not take part of their national politics and local government affairs. However, when a black candidate is running for president in America, thousands of miles overseas, they wake up and are willing to be a part of the election even though they are not inhabitants. This can be interpreted as the importance American politics has in Europe. In this context the topping of the cake is when a black is leading the campaign for president in the ASSAI, which is host the famous Sucks Klan and also the Tea Party movement. This irony and sarcasm constitute the tone and style throughout he essay: Its not that I dont have opinions about these things; I just dont feel theyre in any way special. David Seeders uses a lot of humor, so that his message becomes more eatable for the reader. I does this to raise concerns about the topic in a humorist way, without it becoming frivolous. What allows him to talk about prejudices and racism is that he is a gay comedian, which is the ironic and humorist fact about David Seeders. This allows him to talk about these sensible subjects, because many in Europe and USA have prejudices towards gays and comedians. Seeders explains, which headlines here published in the French newspapers during the years before the election. Seeders writes: The farmer across the road from us, Robert Bob Greener was profiled in the late 1 sass. The Man who Truly Whispers to Horses, read the headline. The picture was Of him seeming to gossip into the ear of his Peppercorn, a dappled mare as solid as a dump truck. Then it takes a turn when people finds out that a black man is running for president. The story above is completely different from the stories during the American election in 2008-2009 it turns 180 degrees to a more global perspective. Seeders believes it is the skin color of Barack Obama which draws the attention and not his politic which makes the people of France interested in his campaign. During his time in Normandy Seeders describes how people approached him and told him that: Americans never would vote for a black candidate, because many in America are racists. This key point is, elaborated later in the essay. In this context, he also describes how his dad thought that people in France were hostile towards Americans and it was a dangerous place to for an American to be. By this, Seeders plants the thought in the adders mind that when a French individual thinks of a typical American, the individual bases his thoughts on a fictive stereotype. This also applies when an American thinks of a French or other Europeans. Seeders writes: I remember my dad calling after the Iraq war started and asking if I felt safe on the streets of Paris. He had the idea that Europeans, and specifically the French, had become openly hostile and were targeting Americans even throwing bottles at them. If that Was happening, I neither saw it nor read about it. In this passage, David Seeders tries to tell the reader that to judge n American or a European based on prejudices and stereotypes is wrong. This is seen clearly in the last sentence in the passage above, where he tells the reader that none of his dads prejudices is correct -and he is not experiencing any hostile behavior from the French people in the period during the Iraq war. Therefore, David Steadiers main allegation is that it is impossible to judge people without knowing them properly. In this context David Seeders is being rather objective because he criticizes both countries for having prejudices towards each other. This makes him very reliable because e has lived in both countries and experienced both cultures therefore it makes his allegations and conclusions reliable. Seeders moves on and tells the reader about his experiences with the European reporters during his travel through Europe in 2008-2009. David Seeders was surprised by the European attitude and he describes them as a people with many prejudices towards the American people. David Seeders says: The reporters in Greece, the ones in Australia and Amsterdam and Dublin, all of them assured me that the American people never would elect a black president. To this Seeders replies: Maybe, he said, but Ill bet you that half of America could elect a half-black president. By this Seeders means that around half of the American inhabitants are colored and therefore would be able to elect Obama. This consequently leads to David Seeders main point in the essay; David Seeders is surprised that many Europeans believe that inhabitants Americans would not vote for Barack Obama because of his skin color and not because of his politic program. The Americans are therefore accused of being more racists than the European countries. In this context, David Seeders wonders why France has a far-right political party, where the leader glorifies the Nazi-occupation of France during World War 2. This is an interesting point, because we often tends to forget how our own political system works when we compare it with other countries. In this case, the people that David Seeders talks with forgets all about how their own country works and looks in the eyes of none- inhabitants. They wanted Obama because he was black and because his politic was more like the European politic. The conclusion to the essay is that David Seeders explains how prejudices between different countries can lead to huge misconceptions between nations and how different political systems affect the minds of people in terms of judging other countries political system. Seeders also concludes that racism is still a part of our normal life; it has changed from the known Nazi-racism to a new form of racism. Throughout the essay David Seeders is being rather objective because he criticizes both countries for having prejudices towards each other. He does this in a humorist way, so that no one feels offended.

was hitler a legal dictator during after his rise in 1933 essays

was hitler a legal dictator during after his rise in 1933 essays THE YEAR 1933 SAW HITLER RISE IRRESSISTABLY FROM LEGAL CHANCELLOR TO LEGAL DICTATOR. HOW VALID IS THIS ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURE AND THE EXTENT OF THE NAZI CONSOLIDATION OF POWER DURING 1933? In recent years many historians have come to the conclusion that during the year of 1933 Hitler was able to move from a chancellor of Germany to its dictator. A dictator is defined as a ruler who is not bound by constitution or laws. A dictator can also be a person who behaves in a tyrannical manner. So was this the position that Hitler found himself in at the end of 1933. Was he bound by a constitution or laws and did he behave in a tyrannical manner. Through looking and analyzing the key events of this year we will be able to answer this question. At the beginning of 1933 Hitler found himself in a very promising position. When Hitlers conservative supporters including Franz Von Papen allowed Hitler to become chancellor on the 30th January 1933 they did it because they felt they could control him. Papen himself was minister president of Prussia ultimately having control over the police as well as the civil service. He felt that by obtaining this position he would be able to stop Hitler from gaining any extra power. Papen explained within two months we will have pushed Hitler so far into a corner that hell squeak. However Hitler himself already began to get the upper hand by convincing the conservatives to allow him to hold an election. Now in charge of government agencies this would naturally help the Nazis come to power. At this time talks about creating an authoritarian government were being held with the army. Hitler wanted Germany eradicated of Marxism and the cancer of democracy. Confidence within the nazi party at this time was high and Goebbels himself had promised once we have power we will never surrender it unless we are carried out of are offices as corpses. Control ...

Comparison between Marxism and Neoliberalism Essay

Comparison between Marxism and Neoliberalism - Essay Example Marxism is a system of economic, social, and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors. This theory asserts that for human beings to survive they must produce and reproduce the materials necessary for life. As a result, the societies are therefore governed by forces of production1. Karl Marx then views the society as a divide between those that own the means of production and those that provide labour to those that own the means of production. Therefore, according to Marx, political economy is not about the relationship between commodities, prices, supply and demand. It is about the owners of wealth, and how they use it to exploit others. This classification of society into the exploiters and the exploited is what led to the rejection of capitalism by Karl Marx. Marx believed that although capitalism develops the productive powers of human societies to historically unprecedented heights, it does so in ways, which are also disabling, expl oitative, and undemocratic 5. In order to change this unjust order in the society Marx advocated for a revolution which would see the distribution of wealth from the few owners of production to all members of the society. The changing of this order would have to be by force as the owners of production are not willing to give up the means of production and will keep exploiting the working class(proletariat) to maintain their status quo. The problem of political economy of capitalism lay in labour.

Blog Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog - Article Example This is symbolically a romantic experience and as seen it builds up the imaginations which follow. In most of the modern Hollywood films, the same is the case. Women are elements of romance and they motivate all what men do. This is clearer from the latest Vampire Diary series where everything happens motivated by romance around Elena Gilbert. There exists some difference between the old films and the new. You will realize that, the old films presumed the natural gender roles and women were only viewed as subservient persons there for a man’s pleasure and taking care of the family. In â€Å"Octavian Saint Laurent from Paris is Burning Documentary†, she believes in the provocative ideologies as a means to reach men’s hearts. This is not the case in the modern movies where the women are depicted to be very dynamic characters who believe that whatever a man can do, a woman can threefold or more and do it in a match better way. Look at a modern movie of â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Smith†. Both are detectives and they do their jobs equally well. The woman presented here is of independent character. Earlier in times, women were very uncommon in arts and films. They were literary ignored and this something which they did not like. However, despite the fact that there were women who were artist in old days, their efforts were also trivialized and this why history has a few number of great women artists. This concern prompted Linda Nochlin to write an essay that brought a revolution in the art and film industry as far as women are concerned. She asked the big question as to why there are no female artists in history and then people began to think (Druckman 26). One of the impacts of her work is that it led to artistic liberation of all women who were interested into joining the arts and film industries. A feminist arts movement was established to champion for the rights of women in